The working principle of automobile brake system The au […]
The working principle of automobile brake system The automobile brake system plays a vital role in the safe driving of the automobile. The electronic control of the brake system greatly improves the active safety of the automobile. For automotive products, automotive braking systems are closely related to personal safety and economic benefits. At present, automobile brake systems have been widely used in automobile design, but there are many kinds of brake systems used in automobiles. The editor will introduce the function and classification of automobile brake systems in this article.
1. The role of automobile braking system
The function of the automobile braking system is to make the driving car decelerate or even stop according to the driver's requirements; make the stopped car park stably under various road conditions (including on the slope); make the driving downhill The speed of the car remains stable.
The braking effect on the car can only be the external force acting on the car and the direction is opposite to the driving direction of the car, and the magnitude of these external forces are random and uncontrollable, so a series of special devices must be installed on the car to achieve The above functions.
Automobile braking system refers to the special braking mechanism installed on the automobile to ensure the safe driving of the automobile and increase the average speed of the automobile. Generally speaking, the automobile brake system includes two independent devices, the service brake device and the parking brake device. The service brake device is operated by the driver with his feet, so it is also called the foot brake device. The parking brake device is operated by the driver's hand, so it is also called the hand brake device.
The function of the service brake device is to slow down the driving car or stop in the shortest distance. The function of the parking brake is to keep the cars parked on various roads still. However, sometimes in emergency situations, two braking devices can be used at the same time to increase the effect of car braking. For some special-purpose cars and cars that often drive in mountainous areas, long-term and frequent braking will cause the service brake device to overheat. Therefore, various types of auxiliary brake devices are often added to these cars to stabilize when going downhill. Speed.
According to the situation of braking energy, the braking system can be divided into three types: human braking system, power braking system, and servo braking system. The human braking system uses the driver's physical strength as the braking energy; the dynamic braking system uses the air pressure or hydraulic pressure converted by the engine power as the braking energy; and the servo braking system uses both human and engine power as the braking energy. In addition, according to the transmission method of braking energy, the braking system can be divided into mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and electromagnetic.
In the type of automobile brake system, the brake is a component used in the automobile brake system to generate force to prevent the vehicle from moving or moving. At present, the brakes used in various types of cars are friction brakes, that is, the braking torque that prevents the movement of the car comes from the friction between the fixed element and the rotating working surface.
2. Classification of automobile brake system form
1. Drum brake
Drum brake is a traditional braking system. Its working principle can be vividly described with a coffee cup. The brake drum is like a coffee cup. When you put five fingers into a rotating coffee cup, your fingers are Brake pads, as long as you point the five points outward and rub the inner wall of the coffee cup, the coffee cup will stop rotating. The drum brake on the car is simply composed of the brake oil pump, piston, brake pad and drum chamber. The high-pressure brake oil of the brake cylinder pushes the piston, exerting force on the two half-moon-shaped brake shoes, making it press against the inner wall of the drum, and the brake drum is prevented from rotating by friction to achieve the braking effect.
2. Disc brake
Similarly, the working principle of a disc brake can be described by a disc. When you pinch the rotating disc with your thumb and index finger, the disc will stop rotating. The disc brake on a car is composed of a brake oil pump, a brake connected to the wheel The disc and the brake caliper on the disc are composed of. When braking, the high-pressure brake fluid pushes the piston in the caliper to press the brake shoe against the brake disc to produce a braking effect.
Disc brakes Disc brakes are sometimes called disc brakes. They are divided into ordinary disc brakes and ventilated disc brakes.
Ventilated disc brakes leave a gap between two brake discs to allow airflow to pass through the gap. Some ventilation discs also drill many circular vents on the disc surface, or cut out ventilation slots on the disc surface Or prefabricated rectangular vents. Ventilated disc brakes use the effect of air flow, and their cooling and heating effects are better than ordinary disc brakes. The main advantage of disc brakes is that they can brake quickly when braking at high speeds. The heat dissipation effect is better than drum brakes. The braking efficiency is good and it is easy to install advanced electronic equipment like ABS. The main advantage of drum brakes is the brakes. The shoe wear is less, the cost is lower, and it is easy to repair.Because the absolute braking force of drum brakes is much higher than that of disc brakes, they are commonly used on rear-wheel drive trucks.
3. Disc brake
In recent years, the speed of automobiles has continued to increase, and the total weight of trucks and buses has continued to increase. In addition, the general reduction of the center of gravity of cars and the widespread use of small-diameter and wide-section tires restrict the installation position of brakes. Therefore, the use of disc brakes with better braking thermal stability on heavy trucks and cars is increasing. Disc brakes can be divided into caliper disc brakes and full disc brakes.
Conclusion
Since the birth of the car, the car brake system has played a vital role in the safety of the car. Automobile braking systems are at stake for our lives. In daily driving, accidents caused by braking problems are not uncommon. Understanding the role and classification of the brake system is conducive to the detection and troubleshooting of the automobile brake system, and ensures the safe driving of the automobile.
